Analysis of Air Pollution levels in Padang City with Satellite Imagery Appromixmation

Abstract

Environmental issues, particularly air pollution, are prevalent in urban areas, often stemming from human activities such as industrial operations and increased vehicle usage, leading to higher energy consumption, emissions, and air pollution. This study focuses on Padang City, Indonesia, where industrial, trade, and transportation sectors significantly contribute to the economy and environmental challenges, especially air pollution. One of the primary pollutants of concern is PM 2.5 (Particulate Matter), which poses severe health risks, including respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, when inhaled over extended periods.  This research employs a satellite imagery-based approach, utilizing Sentinel-5P data, to monitor and analyze air pollution levels in Padang City. The study integrates satellite-derived Aerosol Index (AI) with ground-based PM 2.5 measurements to establish a regression model for estimating PM 2.5 concentrations. The research also calculates the Air Pollution Standard Index (ISPU) based on Indonesian environmental regulations to assess air quality. The spatial distribution of air pollution levels was influenced by wind direction and land use, with industrial and mining activities identified as significant contributors to high PM 2.5 levels. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the effectiveness of satellite imagery in monitoring air pollution, providing valuable insights into pollutant sources and distribution patterns. However, the accuracy of PM 2.5 estimation can be further improved by increasing the number of ground-based monitoring stations. This research highlights the importance of integrating satellite data with ground measurements for effective air quality management in urban areas.